Social Work In Criminal Justice

Social Work In Criminal judgeThis module lead regale the role of loving toy in the turn evaluator mount. This context includes a range of agencies working(a) with adults and juvenile persons who atomic number 18 involved in anger and agencies who work with the victims of evil. Social Work deep down the barbarous nicety context can therefore involve direct work with masses who scram offended, for example working as a Probation Officer or working in a voluntary sector organisation that leave behind services to people involved in the criminal evaluator system. It also involves working with children and families who may be involved in the criminal justice system or affected by crime. The module will cover the context and settings of genial work in the criminal justice system, the principles, methods and interventions of working with offending behaviour judging in criminal justice contexts the impact of crime and working with children and young people in the crimina l justice system. A commitment to anti-oppressive practice underpins the module and students will be back up to critically think and appreciate their get practice and perspectives. The module runs in Semester One and consists of lectures which take place on Tuesdays from 22/09/09 to 27/10/09. Lectures will be held from 10am to 1pm every Tuesday and on flip-flop weeks there will also be lectures from 2pm to 4pm in the afternoon. tutorials will take place on alternate Fridays, beginning on 25/09/09. Students will be divided into tutorial groups and tutorials will run from 12-1pm and 1pm to 2pm on alternate Fridays. Students will be notified of their assigned tutor group in due course. Students will be assessed for via a create verbally assignment which is due for patience on Monday 2nd no(prenominal)ember at 4pm. Module AimsStudents will understand the social work role within a criminal rightness context, and develop their understanding of the knowledge, skill and value base pe rtinent to the area of practice.Learning Outcomes Students will understand policy and formula that informs the social work role in this context.Students will learn the theoretical perspectives informing social work intervention in a criminal justice context.Students will search the research and methods that inform social work intervention in the criminal justice context. Students will develop skills in the critical inquiry of theory and its application to practice.Students will understand their own value base in telling to this area and have considered ethical issues in relation to practice. workweek 1 Introduction to Social Work and Criminal justice history, context and settings figure 22/09/09 Lecture 10 1pm Nicola CarrTutorial 25/09/09 ( host 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2) Nicola Carr and Alan HarpurWeek 2 Working with offending behaviour- Principles, Methods and InterventionsDate 29/09/09Lecture 10am -1pm Nicola CarrLecture 2pm -4pm Nicola CarrWeek 3 Assessment in cri minal justice contextsDate 06/10/09Lecture 10am 1pm Nicola CarrTutorial 09/09/09 (Group 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2) Nicola Carr and Alan HarpurWeek 4 The impact of offending working with victims of crime and pop justness approachesDate 13/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm Nicola CarrLecture 2pm to 4pm (Victim Panel Susan Reid, Victim Support, Yankee Ireland and Christine Hunter, PBNI Victims Unit)Week 5 Public Protection, Prisons and move Date 20/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm (PPNAI, Willie McAuley John Warren, Extern)Tutorial 23/09/09 (Group 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2) Week 6 Working with young people in the criminal justice system balancing upbeat and justice?Date 27/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm Nicola CarrLecture 2pm to 4pm (Kelvin Doherty, younker Justice Agency)Course editionRecommended TextsA get along extensive list of recommended reading is provided for each week of the course establish on subject area. Assessment Assessment of this module is through a written assignment which is due for submissionMonday 2nd November by 4pm. You are required to submit champion printed copy to Reception in 6 College Park and one electronic copy via My Modules on Queens Online before 4.00pm on Tues 5th Jan. Please refer to the following link on the Schools web site for submission procedures http//www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofSociologySocialPolicySocialWork/ImportantNotice/d.en.93464Students must answer one of the essay questions below and the word count for this assignment is 2500 Words +/- 10%Essay QuestionsRestorative Justice aims to address the consequences of offending for victims and offenders and communities in a meaningful way. Critically evaluate this statement with reference to practice in the northerly Ireland criminal justice system. newfangled people who are involved in offending should be treated as children first. Discuss this statement with reference to policy and practice in working with young people in the criminal justice system. The history of probation i s one of an increased emphasis on public protection. Discuss this statement with reference to probation practice in blue Ireland. Assessment of the insecurity of re-offending and insecurity of harm should guide the nature of intervention with offenders. Critically evaluate this statement with reference to theory, policy and practice. GUIDELINES This assignment should be based on learning from your lectures, whole kit and boodlehops and guided study / reading .You are encouraged to start researching and preparing at an early stage as the submission date is A discussion forum will also be established on queens on-line in order to assist you to share ideas with tutors and other students and to prove to share resources for the assignment. REFERENCINGYour assignment must be supported with references from relevant readings and you must follow the referencing guidelines relating to books, journals and web based material provided in your course handbook. You are encouraged to read wide ly in preparing for your assignment, drawing on material from your reading list as well as other relevant material. You should also sort at the general assessment guidelines in your assessment handbook for more general assignment writing skills.Essay guidanceThe best way to construction the answer to a question is to begin with a very brief analysis of what you interpret the question as being about, and then a road-map of how you nominate to answer it. This focuses your mind on organising a clear, coherent structure for your answer. Be very careful to indicate as much as possible of what experiential or other establish there is to support your points. It is not necessary to come to a definite conclusion on the question uncertainty having weighed the wrinkles and evidence is almost always an acceptable position. What is essential, however, is that you have given sufficient weight to arguments contrary to your own, with reasons to back up your rejection. Frequently questions req uire you to bring out and assess a number of viewpoints, indicated by such instructions as discuss, assess, how far is the case that etc. But it is always essential to consider what alternative interpretations to your own argument there might be. Source Oxford University Press (Online Resource Centre)Requirements for the Award of 10 Credit PointsIn order to be awarded 10 credit points towards the completion of the Bachelors grade in Social Work students mustComplete and submit a written assignment and gain a mark of at least 40%.Attend at least 80% of all lectures andAttend at least 80% of all workshops.Students who fail to attend for the required number of lectures and tutorials, or who miss particularly crucial elements of the module, may be required to undertake additional work in order to be awarded credit points.LATE calmness OF COURSEWORKThe Universitys rule is that for work submitted after the deadline, 5 percentage points per working day are deducted from the received mar k up to a maximum of five days. Thereafter, the work receives zero.Extensions to essay deadlines are covered by a formal University procedure and may be granted on grounds of ill health or personal circumstances. You need to submit a completed Exemption from Late Coursework Marks Penalty Form (available from the Office, 6 College Park and on the Schools Website www.qub.ac.uk/soc ) within trey days of the essay deadline. The form should be accompanied by a medical certificate (NOT self-certification) and/or other written supporting evidence and should be taken to the module convenor, preferably during his/her office hours, who decides whether or not to agree to an extension. Lecture OutlinesWeek 1 Introduction to Social Work and Criminal Justice history, context and settings Date 22/09/09 Lecture 10 1pm This lecture will provide an introduction to the module by outlining the role of social work in the criminal justice context. The first lecture will cover the history of social wo rk within the criminal justice context and will explore theoretical perspectives on the intersection of social work and the criminal justice system. Particular consideration will be given to the role of the social prole within the parameters of the care or control debate. Some of the tombstone phases of social work intervention in the criminal justice system will be explored ranging from original social work role as a court missionary through to the current drive towards interventions based on the assessment of risk and evidence based practice. Tutorial 25/09/09 (Group 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2)Following from the introductory lecture, this tutorial will focus on some of the key paradigm shifts that have influenced the role of social work within the criminal justice context. Students will be encouraged to critically explore the role of social work within this setting. Key Reading Social Work in the Criminal Justice System History, Context and SettingsAudit Commission (1989) Promot ing Value for currency in the Probation Service, London HMSOBrownlee, I. (1998) Community punishment. A Critical Introduction. Essex Longman Criminology SeriesBurnett, R. Roberts, C. (Ed.) (2004) What Works in Probation and Youth Justice Cullompton WillanChapman, T. and Hough, M. (1998) Evidence Based Practice, London HMIPFarrant, F. (2006) Knowledge achievement and the punishment ethic The demise of the probation service. Probation daybook, 53,4 317-333Fulton, B. Parkhill, T. (2009) Making the Difference an oral history of probation in Northern Ireland. Belfast PBNI. Available at http//www.pbni.org.uk/archive/Publications/Other%20Publications/pbni%2025th%20book.pdfGorman, K. (2001) cognitive behaviourism and the search for the Holy Grail The quest for a universal means of managing offender risk. Probation daybook, 48, 3 3-9Kemshall, H. (2002) Effective practice in probation An example of sophisticated Liberal responsibilisation? Howard diary of Criminal Justice, 41,1 41-58Li ndsay, T. Quinn, K. (2001) Fair Play in Northern Ireland Towards Anti-Sectarian Practice. Probation Journal, 42, 2 102-109McKnight, J. (2009) Speaking up for Probation Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 48,4 327-343Mair, G. (Ed.) (2004) What Matters in Probation Cullompton WillanMerrington, S. and Stanley, S. (2000) Reflections doubts about the what works chess opening, Probation Journal, 47, 4 272-275Robinson, G. Raynor, P. (2006) The future of rehabilitation What role for the probation service? Probation Journal, 53,4 334-346Vanstone, M. (2004) Mission control The origins of a humanitarian service. Probation Journal, 51, 1 34-47Week 2 Working with offending behaviour- Principles, Methods and InterventionsDate 29/09/09Lecture 10am -1pm Nicola CarrLecture 2pm -4pm Nicola CarrThese lectures will focus on the development and use of community penalties. Students will learn about the development of the what works initiative and the drive towards effective, evidence-based practice . Key issues such as risk counselling and public protection will be explored and students will be encouraged to critically evaluate these developments. Key developments in working with offenders will be outlined including some of the most recent methods of intervention based on research evidence. Key Reading Working with offending behaviour- Principles, Methods and InterventionsAndrews, D., Bonta, J. and Hoge, R. (1990a) Classification for effective rehabilitation, Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 17 ,1 19-52.Andrews, D. et al. (1990b) Does correctional treatment work? Criminology, 28, 369-404Ansbro, M. (2008) Using attachment theory with offenders. Probation Journal, 55,3 231-244Bailie, R. (2006) Women Offenders The Development of a Policy and Strategy for Implementation by the Probation Board for Northern Ireland Irish Probation Journal, 3, 197-110Batchelor, S. (2004) Prove me the bam Victimization and agency in the lives of young women who commit cerise offences. Probation Jour nal, 52, 4 358-375Bhui, H.S. Buchanan, J. (2004) What Works? and complex individuality. Probation Journal, 51,3 195-196Bottoms, A. and Williams, W. (1979) A non-treatment paradigm for probation practice British Journal of Social Work, 9,2 160-201Burnett R Roberts C (2004) What Works in Probation and Youth Justice, growth Evidence Based Practice. Cullompton Willan Burnett, R. McNeill, F. (2005) The place of the officer-offender relationship in assisting offenders to desist from crime. Probation Journal, 52,3 221-242Bushway, S.D. Thornberry, T.P. Krohn, M.D. (2003) Desistance as a developmental process A comparison of static and dynamic approaches. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 2 129-153Cherry, S. (2005) Transforming Behaviour Pro-social Modelling in Practice. Cullompton WillanDixon, L. Ray, L. (2007) Current issues and developments in race hate crime Probation Journal, 54,2 109-124Farrall, S. Bowling, B. (1999) Structuration, human development and desistance from cr ime. British Journal of Criminology 17, 2 255-267Farrall, S. (2002) Rethinking What Works with Offenders Probation, Social Context and Desistance from discourtesy. Cullompton Willan Healy, D. ODonnell, I. (2008) Calling time on crime Motivation, generativity and agency in Irish Probationers. Probation Journal, 55,1 25-38Jordan, R. OHare, G. (2007) The Probation Board for Northern Irelands Cognitive Self-Change Programme An overview of the airplane pilot programme in the community. Irish Probation Journal, 4,1 125-136Loughran, H. (2006) A place for Motivational Interviewing in Probation? Irish Probation Journal, 3,1 17-29Martinson, R. (1974) What works? Questions and answers about prison reform, ThePublic Interest, 10, 22-54McCulloch, P. (2005) Probation, social context and desistance retracing the relationship. Probation Journal, 52,1 8-22McGuire, J. Priestly, P. (1995) Reviewing what works Past, present and future. In J. McGuire (Ed.) What Works in Reducing Re-offending. Suss ex Wiley McNeill, F. (2001) Developing effectiveness Frontline Perspectives, Social Work Education, 20,6 671-678McNeill, F. (2006) A desistance paradigm for offender management Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6, 1 39-62McWilliams, W. (1987) Probation, naive realism and policy, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 26,297-121Maruna, S. (2001) Making Good How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild their Lives. Washington D.C. American Psychological AssociationMaruna, S. Immarigeon, R. LeBel, T.P. (2004) Ex-offender Reintegration Theory and Practice In S. Maruna and R. Immarigeon (eds.) After law-breaking and Punishment Pathways to Offender Integration, Cullompton Willan Miller, W. Rollnick, S. (2006) Motivational Interviewing, Gilford Press, New York Raynor, P. Vanstone, M. (1994) Probation practice, effectiveness and the non-treatment paradigm, British Journal of Social Work, 24,4 387-404Rex, S. (1999) Desistance from offending Experiences of probation, Howard Journal of Criminal Justi ce, 38, 4 366-383Rex, S. Bottoms, A. (2003) Evaluating the evaluators Researching the accreditation of offender programmes. Probation Journal, 50,4 359-368Smith, D. (2004) The uses and abuses of positivism, in G. Mair (Ed.) What Matters in Probation, Cullompton Willan Vanstone, M. (2000) Cognitive-behavioural work with offenders in the UK a history of an influential endeavour, Howard Journal, 39,2 171-183Week 3 Assessment in criminal justice contextsDate 06/10/09Lecture 10am 1pm Nicola CarrAssessing the risk of re-offending and the risk of harm is one of the core tasks of the social worker within the criminal justice system .This lecture will cover the background of assessment and some of the factors that impact on assessment. Particular attention will be paid to research evidence concerning, dynamic and static risk factors in relation to offending. In addition, attention will be paid to protective factors and research relating to desistance from crime. An overview will be provi ded of a range of risk assessment tools currently in use within the criminal justice system. Tutorial 09/09/09(Group 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2) Nicola Carr and Alan HarpurThis tutorial will be in a workshop set and will focus on the use of risk assessment tools in relation to the assessment of the risk re-offending and risk of harm with the aim of planning interventions to address these areas. Assessment in criminal justice contextsAye-Maung, N. Hammond, N. (2000) attempt of re-offending and Needs Assessments The Users Perspective. (Home Office Research Study 216). London Home OfficeBest, P. (2007) The Assessment, Case Management and rating System (ACE) in Northern Ireland. Irish Probation Journal, 4,1 101-107Kemshall, H. (1998) Risk in Probation Practice. Aldershot AshgateKemshall, H. (2003) Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice. Berkshire Open University PressKemshall, H. (2008) Understanding the Management of gamey Risk Offenders. Berkshire Open University PressMerrington, S. Skinns, J. (2002) Using ACE to Profile Criminogenic Needs, Probation Studies Unit ACE Practitioner Bulletin No. 1, University of Oxford. Available at http//www.crim.ox.ac.uk/publications/psubull1.pdfODwyer, G. (2008) A Risk Assessment and Risk Management Approach to Sexual Offending for the Probation Service. Irish Probation Journal, Vol. 5 84-91Robinson, G. (2002) Exploring risk management in probation practice contemporary developments in England and Wales. Punishment and Society, 4, 1 5-25Robinson, G. (2003) Implementing OASys lessons from research into LSI-R and ACE Probation Journal, 50, 130-40Week 4 The impact of offending working with victims of crime and Restorative Justice approachesDate 13/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm Nicola CarrThis lecture will address issues concerning the impact of crime, and will explore issues relating to victims of crime. The concept of the victim of crime will be critically assessed with reference to a range of literature, and the victims role w ithin the criminal justice system will be explored. The role of the Social Worker in working with victims of crime will also be analysed. The principles and practices of restorative justice approaches will be examined and explored specifically in relation to the Northern Ireland context. Lecture 2pm to 4pm (Victim Panel Susan Reid, Victim Support, Northern Ireland and Christine Hunter, PBNI Victims Unit)The afternoon lecture will involve a panel presentation from representatives from two agencies working with victims of crime. The presenters will focus on particular issues and themes relating to their work and students will have an opportunity to discuss the issues raised.Victims and the Impact of CrimeHoyle, C. Zedner, L. (2007) Victims, victimization and the criminal justice system. In M. Maguire R. Morgan R. Reiner (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (Fourth Edition) Oxford Oxford University PressHunter, C. (2005) The View of Victims of Crime on How the Probation Board f or Northern Ireland Victim Information Scheme Might Operate Irish Probation Journal, 2,1 43-47Norton, S. (2007) The place of victims in the Criminal Justice System. Irish Probation Journal, 4,1 63-76Williams, B. (2009) Victims In C. storm K, Hayward A. Wahidin E. Wincup (Eds.) Criminology (Second Edition) Oxford Oxford University PressRestorative JusticeBraithwaite, J. (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Campbell C, Devlin R, OMahony D, Doak J (2005) Evaluation of the Northern Ireland Youth conferencing Service NIO Research and Statistical Series Report No 12Daly, K. (2002) Restorative Justice The real story Punishment and Society, 4,1 55-79Daly, K. Stubbs, J. (2006) Feminist engagement with restorative justice. Theoretical Criminology, 10, 1 9-28Gelsthorpe, L. Morris, A. (2002) Restorative youth justice. The last vestiges of welfare? In J. Muncie G. Hughes E. McLaughlin (Eds.) Youth Justice Critical Readings. London SageGray, P. (2005) The politics of risk and young offenders experiences of social exclusion and restorative justice. British Journal of Criminology, 45,6 938-957Hamill, H. (2002) Victims of paramilitary Punishment Attacks in Belfast. In C. Hoyle R. Young (Eds.) New Visions of Crime Victims, 49-70., Oxford HartHoyle, C. (2002) Securing restorative justice for the Non-Participating Victim. In In C. Hoyle R. Young (Eds.) New Visions of Crime Victims, 97-132., Oxford HartMcEvoy, K. Mika, H. (2002) Restorative Justice and the go over of informalism in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 3 534-562McLaughlin, E. Fergusson, R. Hughes, G. Westmarland, L. Restorative Justice Critical Issues London, SageMarshall, T. (1999) Restorative Justice An Overview. London Home Office. Available at http//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-resjus.pdfMorris, A. (2002) Critiquing the critics A brief response to critics of restorative justice. British Journal of Criminology, 42,3 596-615OMahony, D. Doa k, J. Restorative Justice- Is More Better? The Experience of Police-led Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 43, no. 5Shapland, J. Atkinson, A. Atkinson, H. Dignan, J. Edwards, L Hibbert, J. Howes, M. Johnstone, J. Robinson, G. Sorsby, A. (2008) Does restorative justice affect reconviction? The fourth report from the evaluation of three schemes. London Ministry of Justice. Available at http//www.justice.gov.uk/restorative-justice-report_06-08.pdfZehr H Towes B (EDS) Critical Issues in Restorative Justice, Willan Publishing Week 5 Public Protection, Prisons and Resettlement Date 20/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm (Nicola Carr and Willie McAuley, PPNAI)Public protection has formed an important part of the work of criminal justice agencies in recent years. This lecture explores the public protection discourse, and its practical implications in relation to natural public protection arrangements. The second part of this lecture will focus on the role of social work in relation to prisoners and their families and the role of resettlement. Tutorial 23/09/09(Group 1 (12-1) / Group 2 (1-2) This tutorial will follow from this weeks lecture and address issues in relation to prisoners, the effects of imprisonment and resettlement. Public Protection, Prisons and ResettlementBurnett, R. Maruna, S. (2006) The kindness of prisoners Strengths-based resettlement in theory and action. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6, 1 83-106Corcoran, M. (2007) Normalisation and its discontents Constructing the irreconcilable female political prisoner in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Criminology, 47,3 405-422Her Majestys Inspectorates of Prison and Probation (2001) Through the Prison Gate A Joint Thematic Review. London Home Office. Available at http//www.justice.gov.uk/inspectorates/hmi-prisons/docs/prison-gate-rps.pdfKemshall, H. (1996) Reviewing Risk A review of the research on the assessment and management of risk and dangerousness Im plications for policy and practice in the Probation Service. London Home OfficeKemshall, H. Maguire, M. (2001) Public Protection, partnership and risk penality The Multi-Agency risk management of sexual and violent offenders. Punishment and Society, 3,2 237-264Lewis, S. Vennard, J. Maguire, M. Raynor, P. Vanstone, M. Raybould, S. Rix, A. (2003) The Resettlement of short-term prisoners an evaluation of seven pathfinders. London Home Office. Available at http//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/occ83pathfinders.pdfMcEvoy, K. Shirlow, P. McElrath, K. (2004) Resistance, transition and exclusion Politically move ex-prisoners and conflict transformation in Northern Ireland. Terrorism and Political Violence, 16, 3 646-670Maguire, M. Raynor, P. (2006) How the resettlement of prisoners promotes desistance from crime Or does it? Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6, 119-38Maruna, S. Liebling, A. (2004) The Effects of Imprisonment. Cullompton WillanMatthews, R. (2009) Prisons in C. Hale K, H ayward A. Wahidin E. Wincup (Eds.) Criminology (Second Edition) Oxford Oxford University PressPublic Protection Arrangements Northern Ireland (PPANI) Guidance to Agencies. Belfast Northern Ireland Office. Available at http//www.publicprotectionni.com/Scraton, P. Moore, L. (2004) The Hurt Inside. The Imprisonment of women and girls in Northern Ireland. Belfast Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission. Available at http//www.statewatch.org/news/2004/oct/the-hurt-inside-nihrc.pdfScraton, P. Moore, L. (2005) Degradation, harm and survival in a womens prison. Social Policy and Society, 5, 1 67-7Wahidin, A. (2009) Ageing in prison crime and the criminal justice system. In C. Hale K, Hayward A. Wahidin E. Wincup (Eds.) Criminology (Second Edition) Oxford Oxford University Press.Week 6 Working with young people in the criminal justice system balancing welfare and justice?Date 27/10/09Lecture 10am to 1pm Nicola CarrWorking with young people who are involved in the criminal justice syst em involves addressing the context of offending and the welfare needs of the young person. This lecture will cover the theories and practices that inform this work, with reference to research literature and the current system and policy context in Northern Ireland. Lecture 2pm to 4pm (Kelvin Doherty, Youth Justice Agency)The afternoon lecture will be delivered by Kelvin Doherty, from the Youth Justice Agency, who will provide an overview of the youth conferencing service in Northern Ireland. The lecture will focus on the aims, rationale and operation of youth conferences through an interactive session. Working with Young People in the Criminal Justice SystemCampbell, C. Devlin, R. OMahony, D. Doak, J. Jackson, J. Corrigan, T. McEvoy, K. (2006) Evaluation of the Northern Ireland Youth Conference Service. Belfast Northern Ireland Office. Available http//www.nio.gov.uk/evaluation_of_the_northern_ireland_youth_conference_service.pdfEllison, G. (2001) Young People, Crime, Policing and V ictimisation in Northern Ireland. Belfast Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Queens University. Available at http//cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/police/ellison00.htmGraham, J. Bowling, B. (1995) Young People and Crime (Home Office Research Study No. 145), London Home OfficeHamilton, J. Radford, K. Jarman, N. (2003) Policing, Accountability and Young People. Belfast Institute for Conflict Research. Available at http//www.conflictresearch.org.uk/documents/policeyp.pdfInclude Youth (2008) A Manifesto for Youth Justice in Northern Ireland. Belfast Include Youth. Available at http//www.includeyouth.org/fs/doc/Include-Youth-Manifesto-2008.pdfLeonard, M. (2004) Children in Interface Areas Reflections from North Belfast. Belfast Save the ChildrenMuncie, J. (2004) Youth and Crime (Second Edition) London SageNICCY (2008) Children in Conflict with the Law and the Administration of Juvenile Justice. Belfast NICCY. Available at http//www.niccy.org/uploaded_docs/1_71784_NIC71784%20Children s%20Rights%20Text%208.pdf