Inequalities In Healthcare Older Person Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The UK has a rapidly maturing populace with expanded human services requests. However cultural separation and rejection following from disgrace and age bias implies that numerous more seasoned individuals are stood up to with disparities in course to and nature of health consideration. These imbalances are curiously predominant among more established individuals with mental wellbeing issues and more seasoned individuals from dark and social minority gatherings. We will compose a custom exposition test on Imbalances In Healthcare Older Person Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now There are a figure of stairss medical attendants can take to build the consideration of more seasoned individuals in wellbeing exposure and network based social insurance administrations. Medical attendants are models for open wellbeing administration bringing and are ably positioned to show the significance of human services benefits liberated from ageist and preferential mentalities. The UK includes a maturing populace. Throughout the most recent 25-years the per centum of the populace matured 65-years and over expanded from 15 % in 1984 to 16 % in 2009, an expansion of 1.7 million individuals ( ONS, 2010 ) . Over a similar period, the per centum of the populace matured under 16-years diminished from 21 % to 19 % . This propensity is foreseen to go on and it is anticipated that by 2034, 23 % of the populace will be matured 65-years and over. The quickest populace expansion has been in the figure of individuals matured 85-years and over ; by 2034 the figure of individuals in this class is relied upon to be 5 % of the whole populace. The expansion in proportion of life is every now and again non joined by increments in wellbeing related personal satisfaction ( QoL ) ( ONS, 2010 ) . The English Longitudinal Study of Aging ( ELSA ) found that for both work powers and grown-up females, generally speaking QoL lessenings from region annuity age onwards, with the quickest reduction occurring following 70-years old ( Hyde et al. , 2003 ) . In both work powers and grown-up females matured 65-84-years, circulatory sicknesses were the taking reason for perish. Ratess of respiratory and infective maladies, harmful neoplastic illnesses, hurt, and harming were other than higher in this age bunch contrasted with more youthful gatherings. The most noteworthy death rates were in individuals matured 85-years and over, with circulatory illnesses holding the most noteworthy rates, trailed by respiratory ailments and harmful neoplastic infections ( ONS, 2006 ) . Along these lines, in spite of people matured 65-years and over representing only 16 % of the populace, they speak to 40 % of every one of the individuals who are non in acceptable wellbeing and are probably going to hold explicit social insurance requests ( ONS, 2001 ) . Surely, it has been accounted for that the figure of mature ages of life spent in hapless general health somewhere in the range of 1981 and 2006 rose from 6.4-8.7 mature ages for guys and from 10.1-11.0 mature ages for females ( ONS, 2010 ) . This is, in divide, because of an expansion in undesirable way of life designs. For delineation, in England, the per centum of individuals matured 45-64 and 65-74 who were chubby expanded by 10 % to roughly 30 % somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2007 ( ONS, 2009 ) . This is for the most part because of continuously undesirable weight control plans joined by diminished physical movement. It is along these lines non amazing that, in 2007, around 66% of both work powers and grown -up females matured 75-years and over in Great Britain announced holding a since quite a while ago run interminable unwellness or disablement. Regardless of a more prominent interest for communication with human services administrations, more seasoned individuals can go socially degage and incapable to course bolster from medicinal services experts. This is non ever the result of limited versatility or single pick, however cultural avoidance is emphatically connected with expanding age. Notwithstanding the ground for cultural disengagement, it at long last prompts massive imbalances in the stipulation of wellbeing administrations across age gatherings. Undoubtedly, additional discoveries from the ELSA overview show that in 2006 around one out of 10 individuals matured 50-years and over in England did non keep anybody firmly down uping them when sought after ( Hyde et al. , 2003 ) . This incorporates companions and family unit, each piece great as social insurance experts. Numerous more seasoned individuals are bereaved and in this way other than miss out on the additional health advantages of cultural help. Besides, since m ore seasoned individuals ‘s voyaging structures are habitually reliant on their wellbeing, without course to ship for GP, hospital, and other medicinal services assignments, specific endeavors to hinder imbalances in dish to human services are foremost. Barred more established individuals can be found over every single geological piece of England. Be that as it may, there are a few nations which are found to hold a further degree of prohibition among their more established populace than different nations. More established individuals populating in London have been seen as more duplicate avoided contrasted and more seasoned individuals populating in different parts in England. The south E and E of England are found to hold minimal peril of rejection among more seasoned individuals. The north E and West, Yorkshire/Humber, E and west Midlands and south west all have higher paces of avoidance for more established individuals. Social disconnection through avoidance is an impossible to miss risk factor for more seasoned individuals from minority social gatherings, those in country nations, and for individuals more established than 75-years who are bereaved or populating altogether ( Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2006 ) . It is a typical risk factor for an extent of wellbeing employments and in this way organizing bar of health occupations by attempted cultural disengagement is being supported ( DH, 2010 ) . Focusing on bar requires making a move to: 1 ) hold or change by inversion more seasoned individuals ‘s debilitation ( for example advance their independency and prosperity ) ; 2 ) chop down the peril of emergencies and the injury emerging from them ; 3 ) expand individuals ‘s activity ( for example re-enablement ) ; and, 4 ) give consideration closer to put ( for example organize he least institutional or escalated mediation that can reasonably run into individuals ‘s requests ) . It has been expressed that charging should go to each of the four features of bar so as to the full streamline the nearby framework. Specific endeavors to thwart disparities in dish to social insurance are abrogating if the creed of the NHS, that everybody has an option to wellbeing consideration on the balance of interest and clinical capacity, is to be kept up. Age Discrimination Age partiality, one of the Standards sketched out in the NSFOP, is a signifier of inclination that compounds the activity of cultural rejection. It tends to be characterized as taking care of individual disgraceful due to their age, for outline, by providing them with a lower nature of consideration. This is shockingly overall inside the NHS. In an investigation of 200 doctors, directed by the British Geriatric Society ( BGS ) , over half communicated that they would be stressed over how the NHS would deal with them in mature age ( Clark, 2009 ) . Age partiality can hold emotional and harming consequences for more seasoned individuals and the consideration they get. For delineation, in the examination directed by the BGS, 72 % of the doctors said that more seasoned individuals were more averse to be considered for and alluded on for vital intercessions or specializer consideration. The presentation of the Equality Act 2010, which replaces the bing duties on the masses area to propel race, disablement and sexual orientation equity, presently involves an individual duty to propel equity across eight ‘protected ‘ highlights ( Box 2 ) . The Act other than incorporates commissariats leting the specialists to do age preference in administration arranging and bringing ill-advised. This is probably going to be actualized in 2012 and in this manner it is significant that attendants make themselves conscious of what age bias is, the various kinds old enough preference, and how it very well may be forestalled ( Box 3 ) . Age bias is non needfully a witting demonstration and along these lines human services experts are probably going to be addressed on activities and clinical picks that would aforesaid hold been worthy. Instances old enough preference are introduced in Box 4. It is foreseen that the Equality Act 2010 will douse the generalizations certain in age partiality, for example, that more established individuals will be stood up to with intensifying wellbeing and ought to along these lines suit to side effects. In world, the main part of more seasoned individuals portray themselves as being in acceptable wellbeing and under 1 % of the more seasoned populace is in hospital at any one clasp ( Roberts, 2009 ) . There should be a move off from sing more seasoned individuals as a homogeneous gathering portrayed by lack of involvement, dismissing wellbeing, and reliance. It is of import to see that bias is non ever negative. In fact, positive partiality is regularly utilized for turn toing disparities in wellbeing. For delineation, individuals who are more than 60-years old are qualified with the expectation of complimentary remedies and visual perception preliminaries, and every single enrolled understanding more than 75-years old are offered a one-year essential consideration health check. There are other than situations where preference through the proportioning of administrations is seen as defended. For outline, it has been contended that the area of communicated age limits for regular appearing for specific ailments, for example, where there is no justification for a general advantage in the more established populace, is supported. All things considered, age preference can emerge out of the unintended impacts on demeanor towards risk of malady where age limits have been set. Age limits for regular chest indicating may be legitimate, yet insufficiency of awareness of the handiness of testing on appeal each piece great as lack of data on single danger and self-care is non. A wide extent of mental health employments can be knowledgeable about ulterior life, including sorrow, nervousness, fever, derangement, schizophrenic issue, and intoxicant and medication misuse. Undiscovered sadness is a particular activity, with a one-fourth of individuals matured 65-years and over life in the network holding side effects of sorrow, simply 50% of whom are analyzed. Another s

Gender identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual orientation personality - Essay Example These generalization ecological impacts additionally develop with time as the patterns in late decades have seen changes in sexual orientation practices and jobs. Today, there is a desire that ladies will show a progressively women's activist and confident side, while would now be able to show an increasingly merciful and gentler female side (Blakemore et al 23). Instead of fortifying the part of sustain, be that as it may, this shows one ought not make a decent attempt to support a kid to adjust to the earth. In this way, nature must be increasingly significant in sexual orientation personality improvement in light of the fact that the kid is brought into the world with a pre-decided character. Present day research and science have fought that sex personality is definitely not a decision made intentionally. Or maybe, it is an aftereffect of variables in one’s organic have up, for example, the distinction in size of explicit mind regions, hereditary qualities, and hormone leve ls. There is proof recommending that hereditary qualities assumes a basic job in sexual personality. Sexual personality is wired into infant’s minds as they create in view of these hereditary variables. For instance, there are different qualities associated with mental health that are dynamic during sexual organ advancement. Babies and youthful little children show ordinary contrasts in sexual orientation personality (Blakemore et al 24), which proposes that sex is the first and most significant player in sex character improvement. Adolescents will typically begin relating to their sex before they arrive at mid-youth (Blakemore et al 32). Their attention to being a young lady or kid begins in the underlying year of their life by the tenth month of their lives, particularly as they become somewhat mindful of their private parts. When kids are two years old, they start to understand the physical contrasts among young ladies and young men, while it is feasible for them to consid er themselves a young lady or kid when they are three, procuring a superior and more grounded idea of the self-idea. The sex personality of the kid is as of now settled and stable when they are four years old (Blakemore et al 32). At this point, it is conceivable to state that they realize that they will consistently be young ladies or young men. It is likewise workable for anybody to watch a conduct and characterize it as being â€Å"girlish† or â€Å"boyish†. For instance, without being supported, young men incline toward playing with toy weapons and truck-vehicles, lean toward science and math, are increasingly dynamic genuinely and progressively forceful, and have better dexterity and spatial thinking (Blakemore et al 33). Young ladies, then again, lean toward agreeable play and dolls, have better engine aptitudes, figure out how to talk and read before, and have more compassion and feelings. The greater part of these things are natural and inborn with no compellin g reason to educate them. This shows nature has a significant job in forming sexual orientation personality. In any event, when guardians decide to treat their youngsters in a sexually unbiased way, the outcomes are continually as per nature (Blakemore et al 33). For instance, a parent who demands her little youngsters playing with trucks will find that her girls allude to the trucks as mother trucks that are headed to pick their kids from child care. Then again, a kid given a truck will fill it activity legends, while dashing it everywhere throughout the playing territory and making clamors of screeching tires. This is definitely because of nature, which pre-decides the sexual orientation character

The Long Road in Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Long Road in Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Long Road in Admissions In the past, I have used the image of a long cross country trip when looking at the Admissions process, and how we would not know the exact arrival time until we were almost to the destination. Now picture the Admissions process as a road trip with three legs to the journey. The first leg is Early Action, and we are now at the end of that part of the trip. The second leg is a little shorter, and finishes up in late February when we review all Regular Decision and deferred EA applicants to see if they now meet Early Action admission standards (some EA defers will have a jump in their SAT/ACT scores that could shift them to admit). The last leg is the hardest, as it is the file reading part of the trip, and it does not finish up until late March when final decisions are released. So please know that UGA will not be done with the entire freshman admission decisions after we make our Early Action decisions. We will be done with the Early Action leg of the trip, but we are still a long way from being done with final decisions! We will still be receiving a large number of RD applications, deferred EA students will be completing their part II sections, we will be reviewing transcripts, reading essays, doing holistic reviews, etc. So if you are deferred, please know that we still have a lot of admission decisions to make! My rough estimate based on prior years is that will still be admitting a large number of freshmen after EA decisions. As well, please know that UGA will be treating deferred EA and RD applicants the same during the next steps of the process. The rumor always hits that deferred applicants will now be put at the back of the line behind RD applicants, so let me just cut that off now and let you know that is incorrect. Again, in the next stages of the admission process, we will look at deferred EA (who get in part II and a teacher rec) and RD applicants in the same way. In addition, I heavily suggest that any deferred applicants that start comparing themselves to people who were admitted and questioning the decisions remember that UGA has a full view of everything in an applicants file, from the various SAT/ACT subscores, and problem areas such as a D/F grade, lower grades that are out of balance with strong test scores, an applicants overall curriculum, and more detailed information about their overall information, while others only have a partial and sometimes inaccurate view of things. This is just my suggestion, and you do not have to follow it, but it comes from 20+ years of talking with families about decisions. Go Dawgs! P.S. To quote Forrest Gump, Im pretty tiredI think Ill go home now.

The Long Road in Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Long Road in Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Long Road in Admissions In the past, I have used the image of a long cross country trip when looking at the Admissions process, and how we would not know the exact arrival time until we were almost to the destination. Now picture the Admissions process as a road trip with three legs to the journey. The first leg is Early Action, and we are now at the end of that part of the trip. The second leg is a little shorter, and finishes up in late February when we review all Regular Decision and deferred EA applicants to see if they now meet Early Action admission standards (some EA defers will have a jump in their SAT/ACT scores that could shift them to admit). The last leg is the hardest, as it is the file reading part of the trip, and it does not finish up until late March when final decisions are released. So please know that UGA will not be done with the entire freshman admission decisions after we make our Early Action decisions. We will be done with the Early Action leg of the trip, but we are still a long way from being done with final decisions! We will still be receiving a large number of RD applications, deferred EA students will be completing their part II sections, we will be reviewing transcripts, reading essays, doing holistic reviews, etc. So if you are deferred, please know that we still have a lot of admission decisions to make! My rough estimate based on prior years is that will still be admitting a large number of freshmen after EA decisions. As well, please know that UGA will be treating deferred EA and RD applicants the same during the next steps of the process. The rumor always hits that deferred applicants will now be put at the back of the line behind RD applicants, so let me just cut that off now and let you know that is incorrect. Again, in the next stages of the admission process, we will look at deferred EA (who get in part II and a teacher rec) and RD applicants in the same way. In addition, I heavily suggest that any deferred applicants that start comparing themselves to people who were admitted and questioning the decisions remember that UGA has a full view of everything in an applicants file, from the various SAT/ACT subscores, and problem areas such as a D/F grade, lower grades that are out of balance with strong test scores, an applicants overall curriculum, and more detailed information about their overall information, while others only have a partial and sometimes inaccurate view of things. This is just my suggestion, and you do not have to follow it, but it comes from 20+ years of talking with families about decisions. Go Dawgs! P.S. To quote Forrest Gump, Im pretty tiredI think Ill go home now.

The Health Of The Community- Public Health - 778 Words

1) Factors that Influence the Health of the Community- Public health seeks to prevent environmental conditions such as: Asbestos exposure, lead exposure, radon exposure, mercury exposure, radioactivity and radiation, ground and surface water contamination, contaminated and abandoned wells, food- borne and waterborne disease, air contamination (second- hand smoke, molds, carbon monoxide, etc.), public health nuisances (e.g., animal control, noise pollution), occupational disease (e.g., farmer s lung, hearing loss, carpal tunnel) (Nies McEwen, 2015 p. 250-268). Nurse should promote environmental conditions such as: Clean air, clean water, safe food, environmentally sound management of solid waste, hazardous substances, sewage, and land; and homes, workplaces, recreational areas, and playgrounds that are free of environmental risks. Informing the community of services offered through their local county health department can assist the community in promoting a safe environment (Nies Mc Ewen, 2015 p. 250-268). Most county health departments employ an environmental specialist in addition to nurses. Testing kits for radon, water, etc. can be obtained for a small fee may even be free in some cases. The nurse should complete an environmental assessment indicating any concerns. Concerns and/or identified issues must be reported and handled accordingly. 2) Aggregates in the Community- Public health seeks to prevent problems in child and adolescent growth and development, suchShow MoreRelatedComparison of Public and Community Health972 Words   |  4 PagesCOMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Comparison of Public and Community Health University of Phoenix NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed July 7, 2014 . 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In this assignment the key differences and similarities of community psychology and the public health approach will be examined and critically compared. Community Psychology is a branch of psychology which is concerned primarily with achieving positive mental health in the broader context of the community rather than the individual. Public health is primarily concerned and focused on changing behaviours within the context of the public in order

The Industrial Revolution Of The United States - 1388 Words

Orlando Quinones American history Ms. Hilderman January 29, 2015 TTP Chapter 2 After the Civil War, the United States began to enter a period of genuine prosperity and development known as industrialization. Despite the vast amount of wealth it had created, industrialization also created a considerable number of economic and social problems that became a controversial issue. The Industrial Revolution brought about tremendous significant, and extensive changes. Also its impact keeps on sweeping through individual lives today. In the last two centuries of the industrialization has changed the way we live more than any other incident in the past thousand years. The Industrial Revolution gave the nations that initially received it with the mechanical and financial preferences important to ultimately govern the majority of the world. Basically, the Industrial Revolution is a life changer for the modern world. It is what labels the world modern today. However, there is a side of the Industrial Revolution that most people do not know of. This is the cruel and harsh working conditions that the employees of the industrial era had to experience. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate effects that were brought upon the workers during the Industrial Revolution, contrary to Sumner’s beliefs. Industrialization, was the age of big business that flourished into what is now corporate America. As the Civil War was behind the nation and Reconstruction was taking root, manyShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Industrial Revolution Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pagesthe 1860s and 1870s, the United States has progressed farther than was imaginable at the time. One of the greatest transformations since that time has been the United States economy. Not only has the economy changed the United States, but the entire world has changed because of the United States and how it does business. 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But through all these events whetherRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The United States1838 Words   |  8 Pagespeople think industrial revolution they thing factories and smoke but the revolution was so much more than that. The industrial revolution transformed and created major changes in not only manufacturing but transportation and communications as well. The century long even took goods normally made by hand and turned them into some of the first massed produced products. It transformed the daily lives of Americans as much as— and arguably more than—any single event in U.S. history. The industrial revolutionRead MoreThe United States Of The Industrial Revolution1720 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man s needs, but not every man s greed.† - Mahatma Gandhi Since the start of the Industrial Revolution the United States of America has been dependent on burning fossil fuels for energy. 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Industrialization had begun earlier but it was in the years known as the Gilded Age (1870-1910) that the process began in earnest in the United States (The Genesiss of Industrial America, 2007). It was during these years that individuals such as John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt made their fortunes. DuringRead MoreThe United States Of The American Industrial Revolution857 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant globally, for the sake of brevity and personal preference, this essay will focus upon the United States of America. The proliferation of transportation systems, the refrigerator, and the telegraph were the most important developments of the American Industrial Revolution as they allowed for western expansio n and established a foundation for growth. The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on transporting people, raw materials, and finished goods over long distances. The expansion

Definitions of Research Essay Topics List

Definitions of Research Essay Topics List Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. When you own a list before your eyes, it is going to be much easier to compose your mind and get started considering a specific matter. When it has to do with choosing topics for a research paper there are many options to pick from and you need something that's unique while having the ability to compose well-defined details. What's more, everything is going to be kept strictly confidential. Research Essay Topics List - Dead or Alive? Planning is crucial in any sort of home task, from creating a powerpoint presentation to supplying American Government homework help to your friend. Choosing topics for research papers can take some moment, and here are a couple of ways to help you select the one which is just perfect. Some programs nowadays are intended to teach children. Students' debts keep increasing and it's not beneficial t o constantly require them to obtain something to be able to prepare for their exams. Nurse practitioners have one of the quickest growing careers in the nation, and we have all of the info you will need to understand about what things to anticipate from nurse practitioner school. Researching any issue about government or laws may get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even due to the wording of some laws. Get the Scoop on Research Essay Topics List Before You're Too Late To utilize APA paper outline or a different style, you should read many samples of such documents. When prior brainstorming is finished, you can begin drafting your essay. Whatever research paper topic you select, be sure you can genuinely explore it and prove your point in the little quantity of space you've got. There you may learn to construct the structure and its elements. The Benefits of Research Essay Topics List Women empowerment contributes to social development 62. Together wi th a complete expert attitude our experts also place particular emphasis on the customer's expectations also. Search for what local charge of education is all about. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research on the web, it's far better to determine what interests you the most. You need to write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for a lot of the subjects. College students should use a suitable numbering for unique sections. Opt for the research paper topic that you're interested in. If you wish to discover topics for research paper use our website! You're now prepared to compose your very first research paper and you can't decide what things to write it on. The more you fully grasp the simpler it's for you to compose a thriving research paper. The Research Essay Topics List Cover Up The thesis will provide you with a guideline on how best to go about with writing the essay. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. On the opposite edge, the research essay topic should be one which your readers will discover easy to comprehend. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to be sure you opt for a wonderful topic before you commence writing. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. You should understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. Easy expository essays are essays where you're anticipated to work on facts instead of opinions. Writing an excellent persuasive essay is not an easy job, however, it's achievable. Facts, Fiction and Research Essay Topics List What follows is an extensive collection of the most intriguing research topics to have you started. There are occasions when you're assigned with the topic but more frequently, you will need to create a topic on your own. There's no point if one selects a topic that isn't even understandable. As soon as you choose a specific topic, step one is to develop into an authority in the area. A great paper topic ought to be interesting and ought to incorporate an original idea or position try to prevent cliche topics which will likely bore your reader.

John Updikes AP Summary free essay sample

Sammys unforgettable day. Men will do Just about anything to get attention from a pretty girl. John Updikes most popular short story A P, demonstrates Just what a young guy would do in the 1960s in that position. It explains a scenario of Sammy who is the main character, quitting his Job to seem like a hero to these three beautiful young ladies who happen to visit the supermarket where he works in. What Sammy doesnt realize is that his decision to leave his Job, might have some severe out comings not Just in the present but also for his future. Just by reading the first sentence, the reader can assume that this will be an interesting story. In walk these three girls in nothing but bathing suits (Updike 1026). Sammy seems to be surprised, and amazed by these three girls who have Just walked in his store. We will write a custom essay sample on John Updikes AP Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He specifically describes the girls beauties and flaws, and compares them to common items in the supermarket (Thompson 216). First, describing one and the other in very close detail, ranking them in their look. However, concentrates more on the leader (Saldivar 217). He separates one from the hree of them. She was the queen. She kind of led them, the other two peeking around and making their shoulders round (Updike 1026). He completely forgets about his duties while being a cashier and messes up a transaction he was having with this cash-register-watchers, who gives him a hard time for ringing an item twice. Thats how astonished he was by sight of this one particular girl who he decided to call Queenie. Sammy gives a detailed observation of the girls walking throughout the store and also the store itself, clearly proving with such descriptions hat he has been working in the AP supermarket for a long time (Thompson 215). Sammy impatiently waits for the girls to be done shopping and pick a register. The whole store was like a pinball machine and I didnt know which tunnel theyd come out of (Updike 1027). For his luck the girls decide to come to him for assistance, and as they checkout it is queenie who is doing the purchase. She purchases Kingfish Fancy Herring Snacks in Pure Sour Cream (Updike 1027). And Sammy starts to wonder how she would pay for it; she didnt have a bag or wallet, her hands were empty. Still with that prim look she lifts a folded dollar bill out of the hollow at the center of her nubbled pink top. (Updike 1027). As he sees her doing this, he is completely in utter shock and surprised. And after this event, thats when the story truly does get interesting. Lengel the manager of the store, and also a church teacher walks in the store and sees the three young ladies. Girls, this isnt the beach is what Lengel says to the girls (Updike 1028). Queenie quickly responds by clearing out that her mother had sent her for the item (Saldivar 221). Sammy felt hat what he said was unnecessary and inappropriate, however he stayed quiet and watched. Once the disagreement between the girls and Lengel began, Sammy begins to think(Thompson 216). And he sees a vision of what Queenie life is, and imagines her social status. Queenie had become for Sammy a form of what he felt was power (Saldivar 221). After Lengel and the girls finish their argument, Sammy quickly bags Queenies item. As the girl begins to walk away, sammy realizes he wants to be this heroic person and immediately says l quit to Lengel quick enough or them to hear. However, the girls did not hear his heroic act, and leave the store. However, I dont think he did this because he cares about how the manager made the girls feels, but as a way to impress the girls and get someone out of it. After realizing him quitting didnt do anything for him, he still went through with hit. The manager says Sammy, you dont want to do this to your Mom and Dad, (Updike 1029) which is true he doesnt he doesnt. However Sammy admits what he is doing is dumb and ays it seems to me that once you begin a gesture its fatal not to go through with 1029). This describes Sammys regret towards his actions of quitting, and immatureness. In this story you can see how the character develops a hate toward his Job, and how he realizes he isnt going anywhere by working in this store. He also has an option of either staying or leaving, and yet he stills decides to leave, even though his attempt to get the girls attention fails And I ask to myself, what if the girls would of gone to the other cashier, would of Sammy still quit? In my opinion, I think Sammys decision to quit was foolish. Not Just because he was trying to impress girls but because he wasnt thinking of his family, and the consequences. I also agree with Lengel the manager of the store, if a girl walks into a public place with Just a bathing suit, it is like practically walking naked. The society we live in today might not care about girls walking around their bathing suits, but in the 1960s I believe something like that was never seen. I dont think that quitting his Job for some girls that he didnt even know was worth it.

Freuds Seduction Theory Essays - Psychoanalytic Theory,

Freud's Seduction Theory Freud's Seduction Theory During 1895-1896 Sigmund Freud practiced psychoanalysis by listening to his women patients weave cryptic trails down memory lane, as well as trying to decipher them. What he uncovered was that something awful and violent lay in their past. The majority of psychiatrists in this era would have deemed their patient as a hysterical liar, dismissing their memories as fantasy. Freud strayed from the norm in the sense that he believed that these women were telling the truth. Illness did not befall these women due to their ?tainted families? , but because of the atrocities they faced as children. During April of 1896 Freud scraped all the theories, case histories and experience from the depths of his consciousness and manipulated it into written form. The presentation of his ideas met with silence from his colleagues. Despite the predictions of a tarnished reputation, Freud published his newfound theories in The Aetiology of Hysteria. Its title refers to Freud's theory that the basis of all neurosis stemmed from what Freud called ?infantile sex scenes?. This namely became to be known as the ?seduction theory?, the belief that these early childhood experiences were real, not fantasy created out of hysteria, and they had long lasting effects on the adult lives of those who suffered through them. The repercussions of his ideas, both innovative and perverse, earned Freud a seat in seclusion. But as the story goes, Freud eventually came to his senses about the seduction theory and gave up his aberration by publicly retracting his study. The accepted notion is that he literally had to banish the theory from his consciousness in order to move on to his more accepted work. Joined by other physicians, over a three year span, Psychoanalysis earned respect as a therapy and science. How does an innovative idea , supported by spirit and experience , come to be a belief , and then a regret ? And in the answer, lie my intentions and hopes for this paper. I seek to prove that Freud was intrigued by cases involving child abuse, incest as well as other sexually related cases. Upon turning the last page of this paper, the reader will understand that Freud did not develop the seduction theory overnight. Moreover, a gradual impact of his studies and surroundings eventually seeped through his skull and saturated the innermost cortexes of his brain, leaving his thoughts forever changed. Freud in Paris: The beginning of an obsession? Twenty-nine year old Freud ventured on a studious trip to Paris to wrap up his medical education while working under France's leading neurologist, Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893) at the renowned Salpetriere hospital. Freud's stay in Paris lasted from October 3, 1885 to February 28, 1896. During which, according to Jeffrey Masson, ?Freud was exposed to literature attesting to the reality and indeed the frequency of sexual abuse in early childhood (often occurring within the family); furthermore, in all probability witnessed autopsies at the Paris morgue performed on the young victims of such abuse? (15). Freud has also made insinuations towards his studies in Paris have had a tremendous impact on his later works. Freud's mentor, Jean Charcot, in collaboration with Valentin Magnan, a well known French psychiatrist-produced an article in 1882 entitled ?The Inversion of the Genital Sense and other Sexual Perversions?. The article stresses that madness being taken into account as a factor in sexual accounts. Charcot is also said to have worked with Paul Brouardel on the study of rape in small children by adults. Their work, Les attentets aux moeurs, the last in his series, Cours de medicine legale de la Faculte de Paris, focused on the rapist, instead of the victim. (Masson, 34). The book contains several case histories, all full of horror. Brouardel also conducted autopsies at the Paris morgue. Freud has written several letters expressing his enthusiasm for Brouardel's work. Through examination of the following excerpt one is assured of Freud's participation in the autopsies. Freud writes: I abandoned my occasional attempts at attending other lectures after I have become convinced that all they had to offer were for the most part well constructed rhetorical performances. The only exceptions were Professor Brouardel's forensic autopsies and lectures at the morgue, which I rarely missed. -(Studies in

Free Essays on Comparing Cultures

Chapter Summaries – Ruggiero’s Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues Chapter 5 – Comparing Cultures - Ruggiero’s main purpose in this chapter was to examine and destroy the theory of cultural relativism, therefore opening up one’s ability to judge what others do outside their own culture. - The basic flaw in cultural relativism exists because there are so many divisions in human race and culture, to be able to classify them in any one group. - There are divisions in race, religion, sex, skin color, class level, education, location, and sexual orientation just to name a few of a seemingly endless list. - To try to solely identify oneself as American would be variable, because there are as Ruggiero lists a variety of this category; i.e. African American, Irish American, Italian American, Asian American (p.45) - The multiculturism movement is highlighted as affecting â€Å"scholarly discussion of cultures and subcultures.† (p.45) - Inside the topic, Differences Among Cultures, Ruggiero highlights the ideas that different cultures have different ideals of what is right and wrong. Some of the instances in which this is demonstrated are: monogamy and polygamy, sex before marriage, and homicide. - Attention is also given to different tribes in which they share beliefs about life which are contrary to standard western belief. Specific attention is given to the Dobu Islanders off the coast of New Guinea; within this culture the principle of living was â€Å"cheat your neighbor.† This was given a name, wabuwabu. Also mentioned is the Ik tribe, in which the central aspect of life was the self, and to do whatever was necessary to live without positive attention. Anger and pleasure in the next person’s agony was encouraged. - In Interpreting the Differences, the term cultural relativism is discussed; cultural relativists believe that it is unscholarly and wrong to judge a culture outside one’s own. They believe tha... Free Essays on Comparing Cultures Free Essays on Comparing Cultures Chapter Summaries – Ruggiero’s Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues Chapter 5 – Comparing Cultures - Ruggiero’s main purpose in this chapter was to examine and destroy the theory of cultural relativism, therefore opening up one’s ability to judge what others do outside their own culture. - The basic flaw in cultural relativism exists because there are so many divisions in human race and culture, to be able to classify them in any one group. - There are divisions in race, religion, sex, skin color, class level, education, location, and sexual orientation just to name a few of a seemingly endless list. - To try to solely identify oneself as American would be variable, because there are as Ruggiero lists a variety of this category; i.e. African American, Irish American, Italian American, Asian American (p.45) - The multiculturism movement is highlighted as affecting â€Å"scholarly discussion of cultures and subcultures.† (p.45) - Inside the topic, Differences Among Cultures, Ruggiero highlights the ideas that different cultures have different ideals of what is right and wrong. Some of the instances in which this is demonstrated are: monogamy and polygamy, sex before marriage, and homicide. - Attention is also given to different tribes in which they share beliefs about life which are contrary to standard western belief. Specific attention is given to the Dobu Islanders off the coast of New Guinea; within this culture the principle of living was â€Å"cheat your neighbor.† This was given a name, wabuwabu. Also mentioned is the Ik tribe, in which the central aspect of life was the self, and to do whatever was necessary to live without positive attention. Anger and pleasure in the next person’s agony was encouraged. - In Interpreting the Differences, the term cultural relativism is discussed; cultural relativists believe that it is unscholarly and wrong to judge a culture outside one’s own. They believe tha...

U10a2 Life Cycle of the Stars Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U10a2 Life Cycle of the Stars Paper - Essay Example Astronomers can determine the mass, age, chemical composition and many other properties of a star by observing its spectrum, luminosity and motion through space. The total mass of a star is the principal determinant in its evolution and eventual fate. Other characteristics of a star are determined by its evolutionary history, including diameter, rotation, movement and temperature. A plot of the temperature of many stars against their luminosities, known as a Hertzprung-Russell diagrams (H–R diagram), allows the age and evolutionary state of a star to be determined. Stellar evolution is the process by which a star undergoes a sequence of radical changes during its lifetime. Depending on the mass of the star, this lifetime ranges from only a few million years (for the most massive) to trillions of years (for the least massive, which is considerably more than the age of the universe). Stellar evolution is not studied by observing the life of a single star, as most stellar changes occur too slowly to be detected, even over many centuries. Instead, astrophysicists come to understand how stars evolve by observing numerous stars at the various points in their life, and by simulating stellar structure with computer models. Stellar Evolution: A nebula is a cloud of gas (hydrogen) and dust in space. Nebulae are the birthplaces of stars. There are different types of nebula. An Emission Nebula which glows brightly because the gas in it is energized by the stars that have already formed within it. In a Reflection Nebula, starlight reflects on the grains of dust in a nebula. The nebula surrounding the Pleiades Cluster is typical of a reflection nebula. Dark Nebula also exists. These are dense clouds of molecular hydrogen which partially or completely absorb the light from stars behind them. 1st stage of a stars life: PROTOSTAR Stellar evolution begins with the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud (GMC). As it collapses, a GMC breaks into smaller and small er pieces. In each of these fragments, the collapsing gas releases gravitational potential energy as heat. As its temperature and pressure increase, a fragment condenses into a rotating sphere of superhot gas known as a prostar. Protostars with masses less than roughly 0.08Â  M (1.6?1029 kg) never reach temperatures high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin. These are known as brown dwarfs. For a more massive prostar, the core temperature will eventually reach 10 million kelvins, initiating the proton-proton chain reaction and allowing hydrogen to fuse, first to deuterium and then to helium. The onset of nuclear fusion leads relatively quickly to a hydrostatic equilibrium in which energy released by the core exerts a "radiation pressure" balancing the weight of the star's matter, preventing further gravitational collapse. The star thus evolves rapidly to a stable state, beginning the main sequence phase of its evolution. A new star will fall at a specific point on the mai n sequence of the Hertzprung-Russell diagrams, with the main sequence spectral type depending upon the mass of the star. Small, relatively cold, low mass red dwarfs burn hydrogen slowly and will remain on the main sequence for hundreds of billions of years, while massive, hot super giants will leave the main sequence after just a few million years. A mid-sized star like the Sun will remain on the main sequence for about 10 billion years. . A star of less than about 0.5 solar mass will

General motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

General motors - Essay Example The company has its manufacturing bases in 37 countries and has eleven brands under its name. As on September 2013, the overall sale and revenue of the company is 152.84 billion dollars (Yahoo Finance, 2013). The company has its operations all round the world. It is engaged in the manufacturing of electric, mini cars and big vehicles such as trucks. The company also performs servicing functions. Thus, the consumers of General Motors ranges from upper-middle class segment, luxury and premium segment, consumers with agriculture and supply chain business and logistics service providers. So generally the company transfers most of its successful brand to different countries for everyone to avail them. GM has very good human resource policies and it employed about 3,000,000 people around the world. The major brands of General Motors include Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC, Wuling, Opel and Holden. The company does heavy investment on its technology for producing innovative cars. The management te am of the company is centralized and strong. This ensures that the operational functions of the company were standardized in most of its departments. However, the operations of GM in all its offices around the world are not standardized and the market share of the company is not uniform in all the countries. ... History Founded in the year 1908, William C. Durant was the first controller of the company. At first Durant was into manufacturing of horse driven vehicles, before entering into the automobile industry. Within few years the company went on to acquire many companies such as Cadillac, Oldsmobile etc. After the creation stage, came the acceleration stage. During this time Vauxhall, Opel and Chevrolet brands were introduced which took innovation to a new level. GM vehicles became aspirations and statements and changed the image of vehicles way beyond just transportation. During this time GM also expanded its plants to other states. Globalization of General Motors started during 1980 and 1990s. Majority of joint project and new establishments took place during this time. However, challenges started occurring during 2008, as a result of the global recession and economic downturn. The company had to take loan from US treasury and major restructuring had to be done in the strategy and plann ing. After filing for bankruptcy in 2009, GM emerged as leaner and more competitive organization (General Motors, 2013a). Mission Vision and Values The objective of the company is to be the most successful automaker in a span of 5 years and also ensure that the marketing strategies such as e-commerce technologies are utilized for the overall growth of the organization. The vision of the company is to build, design and sell best vehicles of the world. The company also aims to become the most respected automakers of the world. General Motors has indeed succeeded in moving towards its goals. The company has a unique and comprehensive mission statement which sums up the overall long term and short term goals and

Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Management Essay

Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Management Essay Capitalism is often said the most selfish economic system but what usually is forgotten is that the very base of capitalism, the very foundation is based on ethics, morality and laws. Yes the system might seem to be fair but within that system, there is the paramount place for utility and protection of private property. This very fact makes ethics indispensable to the core ideology. It is unfair to take somebody elses property (an often repeated rule of capitalism), one can not force another person to work against ones will (another virtue of capitalism) , all point out to the special role ethics has played in the field of business and commerce. The whole modern day structure of commerce, business and trade is based on the unwritten and often vague principles of Ethics and moral behaviour. The point can well be taken forward by looking at the concept of externalities in business today. The point will be explained further by analyzing case studies of individual companies, today we live in an integrated society where no one person is isolated from the actions of the other. If today steel companies are producing pollution, then they are bringing trouble on themselves since they are polluting the environment they themselves breathe in. The harmful effects of pollution are global. This precisely is the concept of negative externalities. Ethics command us not to pollute the environment, modern day welfare Economics, directs us to the exact same. Now that we have established a firm base for ethics by use of modern day welfare economics, we continue to define what Business ethics are and what does the term corporate social responsibility mean. Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business organizations as a whole. Applied ethics is a field of ethics that deals with ethical questions in many fields such as medical, technical, legal and business ethics. Further the practice of using ethics to make tough business decisions is known as ethicism and is increasingly gaining in popularity showing the kind of attention ethics is getting today. Professor Reshma Prasad says that firms can often gain super-normal profits by acting in an unethical fashion but sooner or later such behaviour does have its negative impact as well. Business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. In academia descriptive approaches are also taken. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be at odds with non-economic social values. Historically, interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporate websites lay emphasis on commitment to promoting non-economic social values under a variety of headings (e.g. ethics codes, social responsibility charters). In some cases, corporations have redefined their core values in the light of business ethical considerations. Types of Managerial Ethics Archie B. Carroll, an eminent researcher, identified three types of management ethics, depending on the extent to which the decisions were ethical or moral: moral management amoral management immoral management Types of Managerial Ethics 1) Moral management Moral management strives to follow ethical principles and doctrines. Moral managers work to succeed without violating any ethical standards. They seek to succeed remaining within the bounds of laws. Such managers undertake such activities which ensure that though they may engage in legal and ethical behavior, they also continue to make a profit. The law should be followed not only in letter but also in spirit. Moral managers always seek to determine whether their actions, behavior or decisions are fair to themselves as well as to all other stakeholders involved. In the long run, this approach is likely to be in the best interests of the organizations. 2) Amoral management This approach is neither immoral nor moral. Amoral management simply ignores ethical considerations. It is broadly categorized into two types intentional and unintentional. Intentional amoral managers do not take ethical issues into consideration while making decisions or while taking any action, because in their perception, general ethical standards should only be applicable to the non-business areas of life. Unintentional amoral managers, however, do not even consider the moral implications of their decisions or actions. Amoral managers pursue profitability as the only goal and pay very little attention to the impact on any of their social stakeholders. They do not like to interfere in their employees activities, unless their behavior can lead to government interference. The guiding principle of amoral management is Within the law of the land, will this action, decision, or behavior help us make money? 3) Immoral management Immoral management not only ignores ethical concerns but it also actively opposes the ethical behavior. Organizations with immoral management are characterized by: Total concern for profits of the organization only. Strong inclination to minimize the expenditure. Laws are regarded as hurdles that should be removed or eliminated. Stress on profits and organization success at any cost. The basic principle governing immoral management is: Can we make money with this Action, decision, or behavior? Thus, ethical considerations are immaterial. Coming now to corporate social responsibility. A formal definition by Ravindran- CORPORATE social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that frequently overlaps with similar approaches such as corporate sustainability, corporate sustainable development, corporate responsibility, and corporate citizenship. While CSR does not have a universal definition, many see it as the private sectors way of integrating the economic, social, and environmental imperatives of their activities. CSR can be seen both in a positive light as well as some are more sceptical about the efforts that modern day firms undertake in the name of CSR. Different organisations have framed in the past different definitions, although there is considerable common ground between them. For instance, it is largely agreed largely that CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. So by balancing profits with an overall understanding and awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of an organisations activities on the environment and community, a company can help to ensure that future generations not only enjoy its products but also the environment. The paper will extensively analyze both the positive and negative effects of CSR initiatives. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR. is a concept that states that organizations, especially corporations, have an obligation to consider the interests of customers, employees, shareholders, communities, and ecological considerations in all aspects of their operations. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into the business model and day-to-day operations of the company. CSR policy gives a self-regulating framework whereby a business monitors and ensures its adherence to law, ethical standards, environmental norms and morality. CSR is a concept that frequently overlaps with similar approaches such as corporate sustainability, corporate responsibility, corporate sustainable development and corporate citizenship.In addition to integration into corporate structures and processes, CSR also frequently involves creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both external and internal stakeholders to impr ove CSR performance. From a business perspective, CSR involves focusing on new opportunities as a way to respond to interrelated societal, social and environmental demands in the market.  CSR is  generally  seen as the business contribution to sustainable development which has been defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and is generally understood focusing on how to achieve the integration of environmental, economic and social imperatives. CSR commitments and activities typically address aspects of a firms behavior (including its policies and practices) with respect to such key elements as; environmental protection, health and safety, human rights, community development, corporate governance and consumer protection business ethics, supplier relations, labor protection, and stakeholder rights Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility In the present corporate arena every company aims at long-term, sustained growth for its business. How does the growth trajectory of a business becomes long-term and sustained ? This happens when in future the supply of customers is assured. It is imperative that the company invests now to assure this future supply of customers. Thus, it is important that the company invests in the society because from the society forms the base from which its future customers will come. For long-term success, investment in the society is the most profitable investment a company can make. Moreover, there is a marked change in the way consumers buy their products and services. They engage in a cultural and ethical audit of the producers. They are eager to know how the company treats its employees, whether the company is sensitive to societal needs, issues etc. A company having a good history of positive contribution to the society gains an edge over other companies, thus enhancing the buy-ability of their product or service. In other words a producer having a good reputation in terms of adherence to ethics and morals has higher probability of scoring over other producers. In crowded markets, companies strive for the mindshare of the consumers by offering them a unique selling proposition that separates them from the competition in the minds of consumers, through social endeavours. Corporate Social Responsibility plays a vital role in building customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values. CSR initiatives also enhance the reputation of the company as an employer. A CSR programme can be an aid to recruitment and retention, particularly within a competitive market where companies vie for the best of minds and talents. Potential recruits often eager to know the firms CSR policy and history as an employer during an interview. Having an active and comprehensive policy can give an advantage to the employer and positively differentiates the company in the eyes of the potential recruits. CSR can also help improve the image of a company among its present employees.CSR initiatives targeted towards the current employees sends positive signals to them, contributing to the environment of mutual respect and understanding between the management and the employees. Consumers and society in general expect more from the companies whose products they buy. This sense has increased in the light of recent corporate scandals, which reduced public trust of corporations, and reduced public confidence in the ability of regulatory bodies and organizations to control corporate excess. Hence, the impact of business clearly extends beyond the company and the market to society as whole. Apart from profitability, it is important that the company considers the ethical, moral, environmental, legal and social context of its activities. Businesses need to take responsibility for the impact of their activities on the environment, local population, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. The implication for the corporate sector is to strike a balance between profitability and social consciousness and sensitivity. The inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making and business model is very important in the present corporate landscape. Positive Aspects of CSR CSR is an important business strategy because, everyone wants to associate with a partner they can trust. Customers want to buy products from companies they trust; suppliers want to form alliances with corporations they can rely on; employees want to work for companies they respect; and governments, increasingly, want to work with companies seeking feasible solutions and innovations in areas of common concern. Satisfying each of these stakeholder groups allows companies to maximize their commitment to another important stakeholder group-their investors, who benefit most when the needs of these other stakeholder groups are being met. Having a positive social image has its costs as companies have to invest in various endeavours but it pays in the long run. The businesses most likely to succeed in the globalizing world will be those best able to combine the often conflicting interests of its multiple stakeholders, and incorporate a wider spectrum of opinions and values within the decision-making process and objectives of the organization. We take two cases where years of CSR investments and adherence to societal norms helped corporations tide over crisis situations. Johnson Johnson British Petroleum Johnson Johnsons Tylenol Case Johnson Johnsons transparent handling of the crisis facing its Tylenol brand in 1982 is widely heralded as the model case in the area of crisis management. The company could make it possible through years of adherence to ethics and societal norms which were reflected in its CSR policies . The worldwide success of Johnson Johnson is widely attributed to its business philosophy. Robert Wood Johnson II first articulated this business philosophy in 1943 called The Johnson Johnsons Credo. In 1982 and 1986 Johnson Johnsons Tylenol acetaminophen was adulterated with cyanide and used as a murder weapon. During the crisis Johnson Johnsons managers and employees made countless decisions that were inspired by the philosophy embedded in the credo. Tylenol was immediately cleared from store shelves and the company was proactive and open in addressing each crisis. JJ went far and above what had previously been expected of corporations in such situations, instigating a $100 million re-call of 31 million bottles of the drug following a suspected poisoning/product tampering incident. In acting in the way it did, JJ saved the Tylenol brand, enabling it to remain a strong revenue earner for the company to this day. British Petroleum This example illustrates how investment in CSR initiatives can help a company gain the trust of the society . BP, with a $200 million re-branding exercise, has effectively re-positioned itself as the most environmentally sound and socially responsible of the extraction companies. The company stands in stark contrast today with Exxon Mobil that faces on-going NGO attacks, consumer boycotts, and activist-led litigation because of its decision to fight the environmental movement, and its failure to recognize the wider importance of CSR as a corporate strategy. Questionable CSR A counter view to the conventional one is that companies undertake CSR initiatives to distract the public from ethical questions that are posed by the fundamental operations of that company. Companys sole motive is to make profits and hence they start CSR programmes for brand building and in turn help achieve their corporate objective. Also by funding certain specific projects they also build reputation with government officials who in turn are obliged to favor them. Many firms claim to be committed towards sustainable development whereas their core business is a threat in itself. An example could be the hypocrisy of Ford. Although CSR issues aim at raising awareness of social and environmental issues no company changes its business model. Ford has a stance on reduction of greenhouse gases whereas their profits come from trucks and SUVs. Many companies have failed due to pursuit of unethical practices. An example of the same is satyam and Enron. Such companies CSR statements are only phony promises and their vested interests are the main reason for entering this corporate social sphere. To make companies behave in an ethical and socially responsible manner laws would have to be enforced. Corporate hypocrisy and sincerity needs to be addressed by making regulations and policies binding. We have taken two successful companies and analyzed their CSR initiatives and practices followed: British American Tobacco Dealing with the hypocrisy of the stance that organizations take Wal-Mart The unethical practices that are followed and how regulation can play an instrumental role in checking these undesirable activities British American Tobacco A major fiasco resulted as a revelation of the fact that the worlds second largest tobacco company masks the damage it causes to health, development and the environment in the garb of corporate social responsibility. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was tried to be blocked by the top BAT executives .They tried to win political influence in Africa by using their support for AIDS prevention as a tool. They used tobacco industry research information to negate the findings of WHO regarding the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. BATs donation of HK$300,000 in 1992 to repair the Haizhou Bridge in Guangzhou province of China obliged the officialdom and helped establish. In 2005 BAT profits were greater than  £2.7 billion a year from a 15 per cent share of the world tobacco market. The total number of deaths due to tobacco related diseases was about 5 million. This implies BATs 300 brands of cigarettes that were sold in 180 countries caused three-quarters of a million premature deaths. ASH Director Deborah Arnott said: Tobacco firms like BAT hide behind glossy reports and boast of Corporate Social Responsibility. But this report shows the cynicism and deceit behind the public face. It should be read by decision-makers, campaigners and health professionals in every country where BAT seeks sales. Companies like BAT offer the ultimate devils bargain. When they enter developing countries in search of new markets, they come with a smile a handshake and an open cheque book. But they leave behind nothing but a trail of addiction, misery and death. The various CSR initiatives taken were: A clinic for the diagnosis of disease Accommodation for the homeless Arts and educational projects Such programmes win allies in local markets and also open doors of politicians and regulators. Impact on developing world: The regulations in poorer countries are weak and by helping to a little extent the companies oblige politicians and in turn they win favors and can easily establish themselves. Hence stringent regulations are required to prevent this exploitation. Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is one of the largest private employers in the US. The sheer size and magnanimity of the company allows it to follow certain unethical processes as the laws against them are also not very stringent. Some of the controversies surrounding Wal-Mart are: Many employees having children working here live below the poverty line. Wal-Mart portrays itself as a company selling U.S. manufactured goods but in reality it utilizes products made in foreign countries and at questionable workshops. As a result of the cost advantage it gets it throws some of the competition out. Unethical business practices that this company follows include: Labor Union Opposition: Wal-Mart claims to follow open door policy but its effectiveness in Wal-Mart is questionable. It is a non union organization and hence this structure helps the company have a no complaint system. Third party intervention is not desired. Employees are provided lower wages than unionized corporations and as a result end up quitting by the end of the first year. The employees are prohibited to talk to union representatives. This is unethical as according to the National Labor Relations Act, employers cannot discourage employees from forming a union for they have that right. Cases were filed against Wal-Mart United Food and Commercial Workers Union filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board against Wal-Mart. National Labor Relations Board alleged that Wal-Mart violated federal labor law as it bribed employees to report on co-workers who favored a union. (www.washingtonpost) Unfair Treatment of Employees: June 2001 Six Wal-Mart female employees filed a sex discrimination lawsuit. Women were not being trained or given promotions. Also they were underpaid as compared to their male counterparts. Discrimination on basis of gender was prevalent. Hence women were being treated in an undignified and disrespectful way. (www.arkansasnews.com) . Later in lieu of the given events Wal-Mart introduced workplace diversity initiatives to promote equality. Wages were very low compared to prevalent rates .They wanted to continue offering low prices to customers hence did not want to increase operating costs. Due to this the wages were kept low. Wal-Marts health insurance was very expensive and some of the employees could not even afford to pay for it. Case was filed against Wal-Mart as it did not pay employees more for overtime. Wal-Mart used illegal immigrants as workers to reduce costs. In October 2003 hundreds of illegal immigrants employed were uncovered. Companies have to spot ethical and unethical practices otherwise they would loose their reputation in the market. CONCLUSION Corporations today are best positioned when they reflect the values of the constantly shifting and sensitive market environment in which they operate. It is vital that they are capable of meeting the needs of an increasingly demanding and socially-aware consumer market, especially as brands move front and center of a firms total value. Global firms with global lifestyle brands have the most to lose if the public perception of the brand fails to live up to the image portrayed. Integrating a complete social perspective into all aspects of operations will maximize true value and benefit for an organization, while protecting the huge investments companies make in corporate brands. Along with the social responsibility, comes the opportunity to convert these social initiatives into tangible results namely profits. An organization should look what amount of value the project can give back to the organization. A social cost benefit analysis can give the organization a fair idea about what kind of rewards the initiative can generate for the organization. Thus an organization can decide on the initiatives taking into consideration these various factors.

Review of Research Paper on Parkinsons Disease Treatment

Abstract Attempts to cure or slow down the progression of Parkinson’s disease have largely failed; researchers in this paper maintain this is obviously a direct result of the lack of insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Parkinson’s disease is the product of the deaths of a number of dopaminergic (dopamine-secreting) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region (SNc) of the brain. But what causes these deaths? In the paper â€Å"‘Rejuvenation’ protects neurons in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease,† Chen and researchers find that older neurons in the SNc are unusually reliant on calcium channels and that after blocking these channels, the cells are â€Å"rejuvenated† and begin acting like their juvenile counterparts; as a result, these cells become protected from Parkinson’s disease. Their research, thus, points not only to a possible cause of neuronal death in PD but also to a possible means of curing the disease. Causes / Risk Factors †¢ Genetics 15-25% of people who have the disease have a parent with the disease. Having a parent with the disease increases a persons risk by 3 fold. There has not been enough research done on the genetic causes of Parkinson’s Disease to say for a fact that they are directly correlated. When more research is done there may be more strong evidence, but it could go the complete other way as well. The Human Genome project should open many doors with the research of this disease once the funding is sufficient. †¢ Environmental factors According to the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, â€Å"Epidemiological research has identified several factors that may be linked to PD, including rural living, well water, herbicide use and exposure to pesticides.† They also state that a narc... ....org/AboutPD/causes.cfm> Mayo Clinic Staff, "Parkinsons Disease." Nervous System. 12 004 2007. Mayo Clinic. 1 Nov 2007 . Melanie, Brandabur. "Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Parkinson Disease." National Parkinson Foundation. 1 Nov 2007 . â€Å"Parkinson’s Disease.† MayoClinic.com. 12 April 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 15 Nov. 2007. . â€Å"Parkinson’s Disease." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Nov. 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 15 Nov. 2007. . "What Causes Parkinson's Disease." 2007. Parkinson's Disease Foundation. 1 Nov 2007 .

Solution of Case YSL Marketing Research

YSL Marketing Research is a small firm conducts focus group meetings and mail opinion surveys. The YSL’s partner Connie Bachmann has been asked to conduct a survey for Surenex that has the potential to be a valued long-run client. And the firm willing to pay YSL’s normally billing rates.2.0 Answer the question (a)The full cost of the Surenex engagement including indirect costs and direct costs. Direct costs consist of travel cost and cost of conducting surveys. In the case, direct cost means direct charge is about $3,000. The professional compensation charges include partner $4,800 and professional staff $4,000. Each of engagement receives an allocation of overhead based on professional compensation charges. The data of estimated total professional compensation and overhead respectively are $1,600,000 and $496,000.　 According to OAR= total estimated OH cost/ total estimated professional compensation charges.Overhead calculationEstimated overhead $496,000 Estimate d professional compensation $1,600,000 Overhead rate 0.31 Job cost summary of Surenex engagement $ $ Direct charges 3,000 Professional compensation charges Partner salary(40 hoursÃâ€"$120) 4,800 Staff salary(100 hoursÃâ€"$40) 4,000 8,800 Overhead(0.31Ãâ€"$8,800) 2,728 Full cost 14,528Based on above calculate OAR is about 0.31. The full cost includes profession charges, direct charges and overhead cost. The expected full cost of the Surenex engagement is about $14,528 ($3,000+$8,800+$2,728).3.0 Answer the question (b)Every research company wants to conduct research at higher prices than the cost of research. The company profit equals to the sales revenue minus the  costs. YSL marketing research is a small firm that bidding on a job and is considering various costs. The question requires calculate the lowest prices that Connie can bill on this engagement without hurting company profit means that what is the lowest charge of YSL.From the question (a) the full cost $14,528 is not t he lowest amount that Connie pay and also is not the variable cost of the job. There are three types of costs. The mixed cost is a cost that carries both the elements of the fixed and variable costs such as utilities. Fixed costs usually include rent and lease payments. Variable costs change in relation to a company’s activities.YSL marketing research is a service company not a manufacture company. From the case it is not clearly told which costs are fixed and which costs are variable. So we assume the variable costs are employees’ salaries, direct charges and administrative expense. According to Sales – VC – FC = Profit and calculate the company profit.Based on the fact, we must consider opportunity cost. Opportunity cost means that in order to get some things have to give up the greatest value of some other things. When YSL face Surenex engagement and other jobs, then YSL make decision to undertake one job among these, the highest value of the abandoned option is the opportunity cost of this decision.In this case, on most jobs, YSL’s fee is 1.5 times professional compensation. In addition, the company is reimbursed for all out-of-pocket costs ($3,000). If company undertakes the Surenex job, it will miss out on billing $13,200(1.5 x $8,800) some other job and will have to turn down another potential client.If YSL reject Surenex it can charged 1.5times professional compensation plus out-of-pocket costs of other jobs. In order to avoid hurting profit, the company must cover out of pocket costs ($3,000). Thus, the lowest amount that Connie can bill is $16200 ($13,200+$3,000). The lowest amount that Connie can bill calculationDirect charge 3,000 Partner salary 4,800 Staff salary 4,000 1.5 times professional compensation 8,800 (1.5 x 8,800) 13,200 Total 16,2004.0 Answer the question (c)This question requires we find out some aspects that we did not consider in previous analysis. Surenex is a new high-tech company that may end up being a large hot company with premium billing opportunities in three to five years. To build cooperation relationship with Surenex is good for YSL long-term development, but also the company need to take a certain risks.From the case, we know on the most jobs, the normal rate is 1.5 times of YSL’s fee. But Connie wants to quote a low fee since Surenex has cash-flow problems. In other words, the company may give a discount for example 1.4 times fee or lower charge for Surenex. There are two aspects to analysis.In short-term, YSL may loss profit to undertake this engagement and give up bid 1.5 times compensation on other jobs. And YSL need reject other potential clients that may reduce the goodwill of the company. YSL is in high demand; it may miss some good opportunities.But YSL may be better off in the long-run, even it setting a relatively low price on the current job. If this engagement success, YSL can get a long-term and fixed income from establish cooperation relationsh ip with Surenex. According to the forecast, Surenex may become a big hot company, there are many advantages for the development of YSL, such as improve company visibility. Therefore, even a price that does not cover salaries and direct charges could be warranted if the prospect for future profit, from working for Surenex, is very high.With a low price to receive the task also has a certain risk such as contract problems. Research agencies often take into consideration a customer’s financial capacity when they are establishing a price. In the future, when Surenex become a large hot company but YSL not allowed to increases the price because they are already sign the contract the price is fixed. At that time some problems will arise and indeed break the contract.On the other hand, YSL undertake this engagement with a low price may have effect on the service quality. In order to ensure the benefit of the company and base on the establish price, the company may reduce expense or c osts necessary. So the service quality of the company may decrease to a certain extent.

Personal Reflection John Bowlby s Attachment Theory

Personal Reflection According to John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory, children come into the world â€Å"programed† to create attachments with others in order to help them survive. The attachment that is created during the infants first few days and week of life is extremely important. The attachment that is created early on in the life, can affect development through out ones life. During Anisworth’s research, she established several types of attachment styles. The securely attached child would be visibly upset when their mother walked out of the room and wanted the mother’s attention once she came back into the room. The Avoidantly attached child did not really cry when they were separated and chose to avoid their mothers when they came back.†¦show more content†¦After quite sometime of spending every single day with my dad, I started to call my dad mom. I referred to him as both dad and mom. When my mom finally returned, I didn’t automatical ly change over to calling her mom. The issue here was that I would say mom and look at my dad, even thought my mom was back. Now, I did talk to my mom over the phone while she was away and my dad reminded me every single day that she is coming back yet I couldn’t adjust. This carried on for about two or three weeks after she got back from Italy. I do not actually remember what kind of contact I had with her when she got back or how I reacted after almost seven months of not seeing her. But I do recall my mom trying to give me a hug and I ran to my dad saying â€Å"mom†. According to Orville Brime and Jerome Kagan â€Å"Sometimes after 6 months of age, babies begin to show a decided preference for a particular adult, usually the mother†¦during any time of stress-anxiety, illness, appearance of strangers-the baby will move to the preferred adult.†(pg. 16) In my case, I formed a stronger bond with my dad while my mom was away for those seven months. 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